build(release): 3.1.1 [skip ci]

## [3.1.1](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/compare/v3.1.0...v3.1.1) (2026-04-11)

### Bug Fixes

* improve error message when app identifier is empty ([#362](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/issues/362)) ([07e2b76](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/commit/07e2b760664f080c40eec4eacf7477256582db36)), closes [#249](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/issues/249)

.github/workflows/publish-immutable-action.yml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-name: 'Publish Immutable Action'
-
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-
-jobs:
-  publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      id-token: write
-      packages: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - name: Publish Immutable Action
-        uses: actions/publish-immutable-action@v0.0.4

README.md

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ GitHub Action for creating a GitHub App installation access token.
 In order to use this action, you need to:
 
 1. [Register new GitHub App](https://docs.github.com/apps/creating-github-apps/setting-up-a-github-app/creating-a-github-app).
-2. [Store the App's ID or Client ID in your repository environment variables](https://docs.github.com/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#defining-configuration-variables-for-multiple-workflows) (example: `APP_ID`).
+2. [Store the App's Client ID in your repository environment variables](https://docs.github.com/actions/how-tos/write-workflows/choose-what-workflows-do/use-variables#defining-configuration-variables-for-multiple-workflows) (example: `GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID`).
-3. [Store the App's private key in your repository secrets](https://docs.github.com/actions/security-guides/encrypted-secrets?tool=webui#creating-encrypted-secrets-for-a-repository) (example: `PRIVATE_KEY`).
+3. [Store the App's private key in your repository secrets](https://docs.github.com/actions/how-tos/write-workflows/choose-what-workflows-do/use-secrets?tool=webui#creating-secrets-for-a-repository) (example: `GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY`).
 
 > [!IMPORTANT]  
 > An installation access token expires after 1 hour. Please [see this comment](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/issues/121#issuecomment-2043214796) for alternative approaches if you have long-running processes.
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         id: app-token
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
       - uses: ./actions/staging-tests
         with:
           token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ jobs:
         id: app-token
         with:
           # required
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ jobs:
         id: app-token
         with:
           # required
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
       - name: Get GitHub App User ID
         id: get-user-id
         run: echo "user-id=$(gh api "/users/${{ steps.app-token.outputs.app-slug }}[bot]" --jq .id)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ jobs:
         id: app-token
         with:
           # required
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
       - name: Get GitHub App User ID
         id: get-user-id
         run: echo "user-id=$(gh api "/users/${{ steps.app-token.outputs.app-slug }}[bot]" --jq .id)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         id: app-token
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           owner: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
       - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
         with:
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         id: app-token
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           owner: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           repositories: |
             repo1
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         id: app-token
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           owner: another-owner
       - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
         with:
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         id: app-token
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           owner: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           permission-issues: write
       - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
@@ -252,8 +252,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         id: app-token
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           owner: ${{ matrix.owners-and-repos.owner }}
           repositories: ${{ join(matrix.owners-and-repos.repos) }}
       - uses: octokit/request-action@v2.x
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
         id: create_token
         uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         with:
-          app-id: ${{ vars.GHES_APP_ID }}
+          client-id: ${{ vars.GHES_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.GHES_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           owner: ${{ vars.GHES_INSTALLATION_ORG }}
           github-api-url: ${{ vars.GITHUB_API_URL }}
@@ -310,15 +310,18 @@ If you set `HTTP_PROXY` or `HTTPS_PROXY`, also set `NODE_USE_ENV_PROXY: "1"` on
     NO_PROXY: github.example.com
     NODE_USE_ENV_PROXY: "1"
   with:
-    app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+    client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
-    private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+    private-key: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 ```
 
 ## Inputs
 
-### `app-id`
+### `client-id` or `app-id`
 
-**Required:** GitHub App ID.
+**Required:** GitHub App Client ID.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The legacy `app-id` input is also accepted, but `client-id` is recommended.
 
 ### `private-key`
 
@@ -331,14 +334,14 @@ steps:
   - name: Decode the GitHub App Private Key
     id: decode
     run: |
-      private_key=$(echo "${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}" | base64 -d | awk 'BEGIN {ORS="\\n"} {print}' | head -c -2) &> /dev/null
+      private_key=$(echo "${{ secrets.GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}" | base64 -d | awk 'BEGIN {ORS="\\n"} {print}' | head -c -2) &> /dev/null
       echo "::add-mask::$private_key"
       echo "private-key=$private_key" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
   - name: Generate GitHub App Token
     id: app-token
     uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
     with:
-      app-id: ${{ vars.APP_ID }}
+      client-id: ${{ vars.GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
       private-key: ${{ steps.decode.outputs.private-key }}
 ```
 

action.yml

@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ branding:
   icon: "lock"
   color: "gray-dark"
 inputs:
+  client-id:
+    description: "GitHub App Client ID"
+    required: false
   app-id:
     description: "GitHub App ID"
-    required: true
+    required: false
+    deprecationMessage: "Use 'client-id' instead."
   private-key:
     description: "GitHub App private key"
     required: true
@@ -31,6 +35,10 @@ inputs:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for GitHub Actions workflows, workflow runs, and artifacts. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-administration:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for repository creation, deletion, settings, teams, and collaborators creation. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
+  permission-artifact-metadata:
+    description: "The level of permission to grant the access token to create and retrieve build artifact metadata records. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
+  permission-attestations:
+    description: "The level of permission to create and retrieve the access token for repository attestations. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-checks:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for checks on code. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-codespaces:
@@ -43,6 +51,8 @@ inputs:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token to manage Dependabot secrets. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-deployments:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for deployments and deployment statuses. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
+  permission-discussions:
+    description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for discussions and related comments and labels. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-email-addresses:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token to manage the email addresses belonging to a user. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-enterprise-custom-properties-for-organizations:
@@ -61,6 +71,8 @@ inputs:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for issues and related comments, assignees, labels, and milestones. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-members:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token for organization teams and members. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
+  permission-merge-queues:
+    description: "The level of permission to grant the access token to manage the merge queues for a repository. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-metadata:
     description: "The level of permission to grant the access token to search repositories, list collaborators, and access repository metadata. Can be set to 'read' or 'write'."
   permission-organization-administration:

dist/main.cjs

@@ -22964,30 +22964,37 @@ var isError = (value) => objectToString.call(value) === "[object Error]";
 var errorMessages = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
   "network error",
   // Chrome
-  "Failed to fetch",
-  // Chrome
   "NetworkError when attempting to fetch resource.",
   // Firefox
   "The Internet connection appears to be offline.",
   // Safari 16
-  "Load failed",
-  // Safari 17+
   "Network request failed",
   // `cross-fetch`
   "fetch failed",
   // Undici (Node.js)
-  "terminated"
+  "terminated",
   // Undici (Node.js)
+  " A network error occurred.",
+  // Bun (WebKit)
+  "Network connection lost"
+  // Cloudflare Workers (fetch)
 ]);
 function isNetworkError(error2) {
   const isValid = error2 && isError(error2) && error2.name === "TypeError" && typeof error2.message === "string";
   if (!isValid) {
     return false;
   }
-  if (error2.message === "Load failed") {
+  const { message, stack } = error2;
-    return error2.stack === void 0;
+  if (message === "Load failed") {
+    return stack === void 0 || "__sentry_captured__" in error2;
   }
-  return errorMessages.has(error2.message);
+  if (message.startsWith("error sending request for url")) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (message === "Failed to fetch" || message.startsWith("Failed to fetch (") && message.endsWith(")")) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return errorMessages.has(message);
 }
 
 // node_modules/p-retry/index.js
@@ -23017,6 +23024,14 @@ function validateNumberOption(name, value, { min = 0, allowInfinity = false } =
     throw new TypeError(`Expected \`${name}\` to be \u2265 ${min}.`);
   }
 }
+function validateFunctionOption(name, value) {
+  if (value === void 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (typeof value !== "function") {
+    throw new TypeError(`Expected \`${name}\` to be a function.`);
+  }
+}
 var AbortError = class extends Error {
   constructor(message) {
     super();
@@ -23044,6 +23059,26 @@ function calculateRemainingTime(start, max) {
   }
   return max - (performance.now() - start);
 }
+async function delayForRetry(delay, options) {
+  if (delay <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  await new Promise((resolve2, reject) => {
+    const onAbort = () => {
+      clearTimeout(timeoutToken);
+      options.signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+      reject(options.signal.reason);
+    };
+    const timeoutToken = setTimeout(() => {
+      options.signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+      resolve2();
+    }, delay);
+    if (options.unref) {
+      timeoutToken.unref?.();
+    }
+    options.signal?.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+  });
+}
 async function onAttemptFailure({ error: error2, attemptNumber, retriesConsumed, startTime, options }) {
   const normalizedError = error2 instanceof Error ? error2 : new TypeError(`Non-error was thrown: "${error2}". You should only throw errors.`);
   if (normalizedError instanceof AbortError) {
@@ -23051,55 +23086,60 @@ async function onAttemptFailure({ error: error2, attemptNumber, retriesConsumed,
   }
   const retriesLeft = Number.isFinite(options.retries) ? Math.max(0, options.retries - retriesConsumed) : options.retries;
   const maxRetryTime = options.maxRetryTime ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+  const delayTime = calculateDelay(retriesConsumed, options);
+  const remainingTimeBeforeCallbacks = calculateRemainingTime(startTime, maxRetryTime);
+  if (remainingTimeBeforeCallbacks <= 0) {
+    const context2 = Object.freeze({
+      error: normalizedError,
+      attemptNumber,
+      retriesLeft,
+      retriesConsumed,
+      retryDelay: 0
+    });
+    await options.onFailedAttempt(context2);
+    throw normalizedError;
+  }
+  const consumeRetryContext = Object.freeze({
+    error: normalizedError,
+    attemptNumber,
+    retriesLeft,
+    retriesConsumed,
+    retryDelay: retriesLeft > 0 ? delayTime : 0
+  });
+  const consumeRetry = await options.shouldConsumeRetry(consumeRetryContext);
+  const effectiveDelay = consumeRetry && retriesLeft > 0 ? delayTime : 0;
   const context = Object.freeze({
     error: normalizedError,
     attemptNumber,
     retriesLeft,
-    retriesConsumed
+    retriesConsumed,
+    retryDelay: effectiveDelay
   });
   await options.onFailedAttempt(context);
   if (calculateRemainingTime(startTime, maxRetryTime) <= 0) {
     throw normalizedError;
   }
-  const consumeRetry = await options.shouldConsumeRetry(context);
   const remainingTime = calculateRemainingTime(startTime, maxRetryTime);
   if (remainingTime <= 0 || retriesLeft <= 0) {
     throw normalizedError;
   }
   if (normalizedError instanceof TypeError && !isNetworkError(normalizedError)) {
-    if (consumeRetry) {
+    throw normalizedError;
-      throw normalizedError;
-    }
-    options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
-    return false;
   }
   if (!await options.shouldRetry(context)) {
     throw normalizedError;
   }
+  const remainingTimeAfterShouldRetry = calculateRemainingTime(startTime, maxRetryTime);
+  if (remainingTimeAfterShouldRetry <= 0) {
+    throw normalizedError;
+  }
   if (!consumeRetry) {
     options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
     return false;
   }
-  const delayTime = calculateDelay(retriesConsumed, options);
+  const finalDelay = Math.min(effectiveDelay, remainingTimeAfterShouldRetry);
-  const finalDelay = Math.min(delayTime, remainingTime);
   options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
-  if (finalDelay > 0) {
+  await delayForRetry(finalDelay, options);
-    await new Promise((resolve2, reject) => {
-      const onAbort = () => {
-        clearTimeout(timeoutToken);
-        options.signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
-        reject(options.signal.reason);
-      };
-      const timeoutToken = setTimeout(() => {
-        options.signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
-        resolve2();
-      }, finalDelay);
-      if (options.unref) {
-        timeoutToken.unref?.();
-      }
-      options.signal?.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
-    });
-  }
   options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
   return true;
 }
@@ -23119,6 +23159,9 @@ async function pRetry(input, options = {}) {
   };
   options.shouldRetry ??= () => true;
   options.shouldConsumeRetry ??= () => true;
+  validateFunctionOption("onFailedAttempt", options.onFailedAttempt);
+  validateFunctionOption("shouldRetry", options.shouldRetry);
+  validateFunctionOption("shouldConsumeRetry", options.shouldConsumeRetry);
   validateNumberOption("factor", options.factor, { min: 0, allowInfinity: false });
   validateNumberOption("minTimeout", options.minTimeout, { min: 0, allowInfinity: false });
   validateNumberOption("maxTimeout", options.maxTimeout, { min: 0, allowInfinity: true });
@@ -23153,7 +23196,7 @@ async function pRetry(input, options = {}) {
 }
 
 // lib/main.js
-async function main(appId, privateKey, owner, repositories, permissions, core, createAppAuth2, request2, skipTokenRevoke) {
+async function main(clientId, privateKey, owner, repositories, permissions, core, createAppAuth2, request2, skipTokenRevoke) {
   let parsedOwner = "";
   let parsedRepositoryNames = [];
   if (!owner && repositories.length === 0) {
@@ -23188,7 +23231,7 @@ async function main(appId, privateKey, owner, repositories, permissions, core, c
     );
   }
   const auth5 = createAppAuth2({
-    appId,
+    appId: clientId,
     privateKey,
     request: request2
   });
@@ -23307,14 +23350,17 @@ if (!process.env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER) {
 }
 async function run() {
   ensureNativeProxySupport();
-  const appId = getInput("app-id");
+  const clientId = getInput("client-id") || getInput("app-id");
+  if (!clientId) {
+    throw new Error("The 'client-id' (or deprecated 'app-id') input must be set to a non-empty string. If using a secret or variable, ensure it is available in this workflow context.");
+  }
   const privateKey = getInput("private-key");
   const owner = getInput("owner");
   const repositories = getInput("repositories").split(/[\n,]+/).map((s) => s.trim()).filter((x) => x !== "");
   const skipTokenRevoke = getBooleanInput("skip-token-revoke");
   const permissions = getPermissionsFromInputs(process.env);
   return main(
-    appId,
+    clientId,
     privateKey,
     owner,
     repositories,

lib/main.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import pRetry from "p-retry";
 // @ts-check
 
 /**
- * @param {string} appId
+ * @param {string} clientId
  * @param {string} privateKey
  * @param {string} owner
  * @param {string[]} repositories
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import pRetry from "p-retry";
  * @param {boolean} skipTokenRevoke
  */
 export async function main(
-  appId,
+  clientId,
   privateKey,
   owner,
   repositories,
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export async function main(
   }
 
   const auth = createAppAuth({
-    appId,
+    appId: clientId,
     privateKey,
     request,
   });

main.js

@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ if (!process.env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER) {
 async function run() {
   ensureNativeProxySupport();
 
-  const appId = core.getInput("app-id");
+  const clientId = core.getInput("client-id") || core.getInput("app-id");
+  if (!clientId) {
+    throw new Error("The 'client-id' (or deprecated 'app-id') input must be set to a non-empty string. If using a secret or variable, ensure it is available in this workflow context.");
+  }
   const privateKey = core.getInput("private-key");
   const owner = core.getInput("owner");
   const repositories = core
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ async function run() {
   const permissions = getPermissionsFromInputs(process.env);
 
   return main(
-    appId,
+    clientId,
     privateKey,
     owner,
     repositories,

package.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "name": "create-github-app-token",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
-  "version": "3.0.0",
+  "version": "3.1.1",
   "description": "GitHub Action for creating a GitHub App Installation Access Token",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=24.4.0"
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@
     "@actions/core": "^3.0.0",
     "@octokit/auth-app": "^8.2.0",
     "@octokit/request": "^10.0.8",
-    "p-retry": "^7.1.1"
+    "p-retry": "^8.0.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@octokit/openapi": "^21.0.0",
+    "@octokit/openapi": "^22.0.0",
-    "c8": "^10.1.3",
+    "c8": "^11.0.0",
-    "esbuild": "^0.27.3",
+    "esbuild": "^0.27.4",
-    "open-cli": "^8.0.0",
+    "open-cli": "^9.0.0",
-    "undici": "^7.24.1",
+    "undici": "^7.24.6",
-    "yaml": "^2.8.2"
+    "yaml": "^2.8.3"
   },
   "release": {
     "branches": [

scripts/generated/app-permissions.json

@@ -19,6 +19,22 @@
         "write"
       ]
     },
+    "artifact_metadata": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "The level of permission to grant the access token to create and retrieve build artifact metadata records.",
+      "enum": [
+        "read",
+        "write"
+      ]
+    },
+    "attestations": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "The level of permission to create and retrieve the access token for repository attestations.",
+      "enum": [
+        "read",
+        "write"
+      ]
+    },
     "checks": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "The level of permission to grant the access token for checks on code.",
@@ -59,6 +75,14 @@
         "write"
       ]
     },
+    "discussions": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "The level of permission to grant the access token for discussions and related comments and labels.",
+      "enum": [
+        "read",
+        "write"
+      ]
+    },
     "environments": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "The level of permission to grant the access token for managing repository environments.",
@@ -75,6 +99,14 @@
         "write"
       ]
     },
+    "merge_queues": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "The level of permission to grant the access token to manage the merge queues for a repository.",
+      "enum": [
+        "read",
+        "write"
+      ]
+    },
     "metadata": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "The level of permission to grant the access token to search repositories, list collaborators, and access repository metadata.",

tests/README.md

@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ node --test --test-update-snapshots tests/index.js
 
 We have tests both for the `main.js` and `post.js` scripts.
 
-- If you do not expect an error, take [main-token-permissions-set.test.js](tests/main-token-permissions-set.test.js) as a starting point.
+- If you do not expect an error, take [main-token-permissions-set.test.js](main-token-permissions-set.test.js) as a starting point.
-- If your test has an expected error, take [main-missing-app-id.test.js](tests/main-missing-app-id.test.js) as a starting point.
+- If your test has an expected error, take [main-missing-client-and-app-id.test.js](main-missing-client-and-app-id.test.js) as a starting point.

tests/index.js.snapshot

@@ -1,3 +1,41 @@
+exports[`action-deprecated-inputs.test.js > stdout 1`] = `
+app-id — Use 'client-id' instead.
+`;
+
+exports[`main-app-id-fallback.test.js > stdout 1`] = `
+Inputs 'owner' and 'repositories' are not set. Creating token for this repository (actions/create-github-app-token).
+::add-mask::ghs_16C7e42F292c6912E7710c838347Ae178B4a
+
+::set-output name=token::ghs_16C7e42F292c6912E7710c838347Ae178B4a
+
+::set-output name=installation-id::123456
+
+::set-output name=app-slug::github-actions
+::save-state name=token::ghs_16C7e42F292c6912E7710c838347Ae178B4a
+::save-state name=expiresAt::2016-07-11T22:14:10Z
+--- REQUESTS ---
+GET /repos/actions/create-github-app-token/installation
+POST /app/installations/123456/access_tokens
+{"repositories":["create-github-app-token"]}
+`;
+
+exports[`main-client-id-precedence.test.js > stdout 1`] = `
+Inputs 'owner' and 'repositories' are not set. Creating token for this repository (actions/create-github-app-token).
+::add-mask::ghs_16C7e42F292c6912E7710c838347Ae178B4a
+
+::set-output name=token::ghs_16C7e42F292c6912E7710c838347Ae178B4a
+
+::set-output name=installation-id::123456
+
+::set-output name=app-slug::github-actions
+::save-state name=token::ghs_16C7e42F292c6912E7710c838347Ae178B4a
+::save-state name=expiresAt::2016-07-11T22:14:10Z
+--- REQUESTS ---
+GET /repos/actions/create-github-app-token/installation
+POST /app/installations/123456/access_tokens
+{"repositories":["create-github-app-token"]}
+`;
+
 exports[`main-custom-github-api-url.test.js > stdout 1`] = `
 Inputs 'owner' and 'repositories' are set. Creating token for the following repositories:
       
@@ -17,6 +55,14 @@ POST /api/v3/app/installations/123456/access_tokens
 {"repositories":["create-github-app-token"]}
 `;
 
+exports[`main-missing-client-and-app-id.test.js > stderr 1`] = `
+The 'client-id' (or deprecated 'app-id') input must be set to a non-empty string. If using a secret or variable, ensure it is available in this workflow context.
+`;
+
+exports[`main-missing-client-and-app-id.test.js > stdout 1`] = `
+::error::The 'client-id' (or deprecated 'app-id') input must be set to a non-empty string. If using a secret or variable, ensure it is available in this workflow context.
+`;
+
 exports[`main-missing-owner.test.js > stderr 1`] = `
 GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER missing, must be set to '<owner>'
 `;

tests/main-app-id-fallback.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { DEFAULT_ENV, test } from "./main.js";
+
+// Verify `main` falls back to `app-id` when `client-id` is not set
+await test(
+  () => {},
+  {
+    ...DEFAULT_ENV,
+    "INPUT_CLIENT-ID": "",
+    "INPUT_APP-ID": "123456",
+  }
+);

tests/main-client-id-precedence.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { DEFAULT_ENV, test } from "./main.js";
+
+// Verify `client-id` takes precedence when both `client-id` and `app-id` are set
+await test(
+  () => {},
+  {
+    ...DEFAULT_ENV,
+    "INPUT_CLIENT-ID": "Iv1.0123456789abcdef",
+    "INPUT_APP-ID": "123456",
+  }
+);

tests/main-missing-client-and-app-id.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { DEFAULT_ENV } from "./main.js";
+
+for (const [key, value] of Object.entries({
+  ...DEFAULT_ENV,
+  "INPUT_CLIENT-ID": "",
+  "INPUT_APP-ID": "",
+})) {
+  process.env[key] = value;
+}
+
+// Log only the error message, not the full stack trace, because the stack
+// trace contains environment-specific paths and ANSI codes that differ
+// between local and CI environments.
+const _error = console.error;
+console.error = (err) => _error(err?.message ?? err);
+
+// Verify `main` exits with an error when neither `client-id` nor `app-id` is set.
+const { default: promise } = await import("../main.js");
+await promise;
+process.exitCode = 0;

tests/main.js

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_ENV = {
   // https://docs.github.com/actions/creating-actions/metadata-syntax-for-github-actions#example-specifying-inputs
   "INPUT_GITHUB-API-URL": "https://api.github.com",
   "INPUT_SKIP-TOKEN-REVOKE": "false",
-  "INPUT_APP-ID": "123456",
+  "INPUT_CLIENT-ID": "Iv1.0123456789abcdef",
   // This key is invalidated. It’s from https://github.com/octokit/auth-app.js/issues/465#issuecomment-1564998327.
   "INPUT_PRIVATE-KEY": `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 MIIEowIBAAKCAQEA280nfuUM9w00Ib9E2rvZJ6Qu3Ua3IqR34ZlK53vn/Iobn2EL